These seem to be the Spanish equivalent of the "Canonical hours", specifically Matins and Vespers.
I had to look it up on Wikipedia to find the name after a hunch that it sounded like the divisions of the day of the monks in Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose.
So yes there is at least one more word like them, Lauds.
Well that's the English versions, so let's follow the link to the Spanish Wikipedia article, "Horas canónicas". Here we find this longer list:
- Maitines: medianoche
- Laudes: al amanecer, habitualmente sobre las 3:00
- Prima: Primera hora después de salir el sol, aproximadamente las 6:00 de la mañana
- Tercia: Tercera hora después de salir el sol, las 9:00
- Sexta: mediodía, a las 12:00
- Nona: sobre las 15:00
- Vísperas: tras la puesta de sol, habitualmente sobre las 18:00
- Completas: antes del descanso nocturno, las 21:00
Obviously the names don't match exactly but as Diego says the forms you gave were adjectival forms, Matutino = Maitines and Vespertino = Vísperas. It seems to make sense.