En el Diccionario de la Lengua Española hay pocas palabras que terminan en "u": alrededor de 75, incluyendo expresiones latinas y palabras importadas.
¿Cómo es que hay tan pocas, en comparación con las acabadas en otras vocales?
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Sign up to join this communityEn el Diccionario de la Lengua Española hay pocas palabras que terminan en "u": alrededor de 75, incluyendo expresiones latinas y palabras importadas.
¿Cómo es que hay tan pocas, en comparación con las acabadas en otras vocales?
Históricamente, la -u final de los étimos latinos tras la pérdida de -m (acusativo) se abría en -o, con lo que, teniendo en cuenta que la inmensa mayoría del vocabulario español procede del latín, es normal que no se conserve.
Ejemplo: dominum > dominu > domino (y ya luego, domno, dueño).
Por lo demás, las otras palabras del latín terminaban fundamentalmente en -e o en -a (tras pérdida de -m, etc.), con lo que de ahí tampoco podía salir ninguna -u.
Con todo esto quiero decir que las únicas palabras que actualmente terminan en -u son las que se han introducido de otras lenguas, más o menos recientemente, sin adaptar, o con una adaptación muy cruda.
As Paco and Pablodf say, Latin or Late/Vulgar Latin words ending -u generally evolved into -o in Spanish. Whence disappeared most possibility of naturally inherited -u words in Spanish since no other terminal phone would conceivably evolve to /u/ in Spanish (unlike e.g. in Asturian).
That leaves the question though of where the few -u words that do exist came from. They come under a few different groups:
are apocopated forms of the tuyo, suyo. They lost their final vowels after the rule /-u/ → /-o/ was no longer productive.
The standardised names for letters are a relatively recent invention (16th century). Why u exists is clear. Qu and Gu seem to be pronounced thus by influence of the digraphs they occur in/as. Some others are loanwords from other languages.
This is by far the largest group coming from a number of different source languages:
There are three exceptions I can find of Latin -us words which retained their -u. They don't (all) appear to be learned later borrowings, as spiritu/espiritus can be found consistently since the earliest available Spanish documents:
See here for more info: Why tribu, espíritu, ímpetu, not *tribo, *espírito, *ímpeto?
I think you might be looking at this wrong.
There are 5 vowels.
Two (a, o) are gender default.
One (e) is basically neuter.
The other two are no present outside of loan words and derived words esp. From Latin, Arabic, pt, and maybe it.