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From the Latin we have:

in flagrante delicto

"caught in the act"

...in English, but we use the term in a legal sense as is.

In Spanish, we have en flagrante,

  1. loc. adv. En el mismo momento de estarse cometiendo un delito, sin que el autor haya podido huir.

but I often notice the local newspapers, such as La Prensa Libre, use en fragante for the same purpose. I checked in DRAE, and definition 2 gives them as being used interchangeably.

  1. loc. adv. en flagrante.

How did this happen, as the usual definition of fragante has to do with scent?

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    Interesting link: hispanoteca.eu/Foro-preguntas/ARCHIVO-Foro/… , where you can read: "La expresión latina in flagranti se deformó en la expresión española in fraganti, quizás por contaminación con fragante ‘oloroso’, del participio latino fragrans, fragrantis del verbo fragrare ‘echar olor’."
    – Yay
    Jul 25, 2016 at 21:08
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    Indeed, that's why I don't post it as an answer. I personally think it is a plausible explanation but without further evidence it is little more than speculation.
    – Yay
    Jul 25, 2016 at 21:19
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    @Yay I think the definition of metátesis actually explains it, or at least makes a good attempt. I had wondered about cocodril, also. Jul 25, 2016 at 23:49
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    I don't know much about phonology, but I'd say /fl/ is just an unstable cluster. /fl/ isn't particularly hard to pronounce for Spanish speakers (think of "flor", "flecha" or "flotar"), but it definitely doesn't roll off the tongue as well as /fr/ does.
    – Yay
    Jul 26, 2016 at 0:02
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    I think the metathesis is quite clear in this case, and the influence of the preexisting word fragante is clear too. An ethymology cannot always be traced with absolute certainty, hence the quizás in @Yay's link, but I can't really see an alternative explanation.
    – Gorpik
    Jul 26, 2016 at 7:10

1 Answer 1

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En fragante or in fraganti is, as evidenced in many sources, a distorted form of the Latin expression in flagranti:

in fraganti
Tb. infraganti.
Del lat. in flagranti [crimĭne] 'en flagrante [delito]'.

The expression fraganti came about through a process of metathesis by which the /r/ moved to the place where the /l/ used to be, and the latter was dropped. There is a possibility the Latin word fragante also promoted such a change, as proposed by Fernando Díez Losada in the journal column La tribuna del idioma:

La expresión latina auténtica es in flagranti (in flagranti crimine/delicto), que en el siglo XVII se castellanizó en la forma en flagrante (con frecuencia acompañada del sustantivo delito). Posteriormente se dio un fenómeno que podríamos considerar de asimilación consonántica: flagrante se convirtió, en labios del pueblo, en fragante (tal vez, incluso, por influencia del adjetivo fragante: oloroso, aromático). Con ello se consideraron correctas y se alternaron las dos expresiones: en flagrante y en fragante.

The distorted form certainly isn't new, dating back to at least 1505:

El marido que matare por su propia autoridad al adultero & ala adultera avn que los tome infraganti delito y sea justamente fecha la muerte no gane la dote ni los bienes del que matare (...).
Anónimo (1505). Leyes de Toro. Real Chancillería Valladolid. Pergaminos

The cluster /fl/ was kept in other forms derived from the same root such as inflamar or flamígero, but it also evolved to a /ʎ/ and eventually a /ʝ/ in most dialects, giving us the cognate doublets flama and llama or flamear and llamear.

So to answer your question, to what extent the Latin word fragante affected the evolution of flagrante isn't easy to tell, but it is a plausible explanation. After all, two words don't have to be semantically related to influence each other; if that were the case, malapropisms wouldn't exist.

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