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I consider “orar” and “rezar” as synonims. In Spain, “rezar” is much more usual when speaking; “orar” sounds more formal and even solemn. It turns out that the DRAE introduces a distinction between both terms, defining “orar” as “hacer oración a Dios” and “rezar” as “dirigir oraciones a Dios o a personas santas”. I am amazed of hearing about this major ...

In this context, I would translate to plant as instaurar. to plant a church: instaurar una iglesia church planter: el instaurador de la iglesia church planting: la instauración de iglesias But I suspect anglicisms like plantamiento and plantador will prevail.

I have not been able to find anything of the sort in online dictionaries but I did a quick google search and I did find several articles in Spanish that talked about expanding the protestant church and they all did mention the word "plantar" which would be the literal translation of "to plant". As an example here is one of the sentences: También destacó ...

I would say, that at least in Spain, the only one of them used in Religion is "salvado", as a participle of the verb "salvar". If you look up the definition in RAE of "salvar" you'd see this: tr. Dicho de Dios: Dar la gloria y bienaventuranza eterna. which I think it's the exact definition you're looking for. While for salvo the closest meaning ...

I think they are almost equivalent. I have the subtle feeling that "rezar" involves a bit more the notion of a being (call it God, a saint, etc) taking part in a spiritual discussion, for example, there is one popular saying "rézale a tu santo", that means: "pray to your saint". In the other hand I have the feeling that "orar" is a bit more general, you can ...